What is ISO 18026: 2009 certification?

The ISO 18026: 2009 certification is also known as the ISO/ IEC 18026: 2009, also known as the Spatial Reference Model (SRM). The Spatial Reference Model, which is implemented under the ISO/ IEC 18026: 2009, is a special branch of information technology and geography dealing with location aspects. Through the SRM technology, objects can be studied based on the location, services, and the object's current distance.

The SRM is developed as a part of the ISO 18026: 2009. The ISO/IEC 18026: 2009 deals with the Spatial Reference Model. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have formed SRM standards for information services related to location aspects.

The international standards related to the information technology have been drafted according to the directives of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. These two authorities and bodies form the joint technical committee that must approve the international standards related to location-based technology services. The technical committee formed by the ISO and IEC is the ISO/ IEC Joint Technical Committee (ISO/IEC JTC 1).

The ISO 18026: 2009 certification was developed by the ISO/ IEC JTC 1 and an Institution known as the SEDRIS. The Joint Committee and the SEDRIS prepared the following:

• ISO 18026: 2009 (Subcommittee SC 24) - Standards for Computer Graphics, Image Processing, and Data Representation, carried out in an environment.
• ISO/ IEC JTC 1- Standards that are required for Information Technology.

What are the purposes of SRM (under the ISO 18026: 2009)? 

SRM or Spatial Reference Model is an information technology system used in determining geometrical features and geographical properties such as the position of a particular object, direction of a particular object, and the distance of the particular object.

This information is beneficial for geographical mapping or the development of structures in a particular city. For example, information such as the Spatial Reference can be used to develop interiors of the building. The relative distance can be measured using this process.  This application can also be used to understand the topographical significance when it comes to determining the city's whole area.

The spatially referenced information related to a particular object such as the planet Earth would refer to the determination of Weather conditions in different cities.

When the analysis is conducted for objects in space such as the international space stations, objects can also be spatially referenced. Objects which can be referenced spatially will include asteroids, international space stations, and orbital observations of devices that have rotations around the Earth.

This information can also be used to understand and analyze virtual objects and objects created in the virtual environment. This would include the spatial referencing of objects created in virtual reality, such as 3-D printed devices and equipment.

When understanding the spatial referencing sequence, it is crucial to define the position that is considered. Each information under the spatial reference relates to a well-defined position. The frames would be related to moving objects such as aircraft and planets. Such objects would correspond to a particular time. When it comes to defining a spatial referencing model, it is crucial to mention the time.

As per the international standards of the ISO 18026: 2009, describes specific properties and methods which are used for the conversion, transformation, and configuring geometric properties of objects within the spatial referencing process or the spatial referencing models.

Hence the SRM provides specific standards for defining the time, position, and distance related to objects present in the Spatial Reference Frames. Apart from this, under the ISO 18026: 2009, SRM can also be used for conversion and transformation of directions and positions within the specific spatial reference systems.

Main Criteria followed as per the ISO 18026: 2009

Any institution or organization which has to adopt the standards related to the ISO 18026: 2009 must ensure that the following standards are maintained:

• Unification of Data

Ensure that the data shared with all the common users and the public. The data which is shared with the public should have the essence of the Spatial Reference Model.

• Unambiguous

Ensure that all the concepts related to spatial information and spatial reference for geometrical objects and shapes are unambiguous. Information provided should not be complicated in any manner.

• Extensibility

The definition of extensibility here means that the information shared related to the spatial reference model must be extensible to other forms of concepts. Hence, the SRM should not be only limited to one concept. It must be capable of being used and developed in other areas and concepts.

• Completeness of Information

Whenever this is developed, spatial reference parameters and spatial reference frames must be made with proper analysis and thorough research. The parameters which are set must meet the requirements, which are stated as per the spatial operations.

• Implementation

The Spatial Referencing programs and the respective applications must be implemented in other places.

• Using Mathematical Formulations

To support the form of testing, mathematical formulations must be allowed and permitted under the ISO 18026: 2009.

Spatial Information Processing or Spatial Reference Models (SRM) Used

Spatial Information Processing or Spatial Reference models are used in the following areas:

Spatial Referencing Model System work (ISO 18026: 2009)

Using the interface of API (Application Programming Interface), the whole system related to the spatial referencing model is supported. API is an interface between two or more websites that link the connectivity and interfaces between the websites to operate in a particular manner. API here in SRM supports more than 30 different types of position representation.

The API helps in operating the Spatial Referencing Model. Here the API specifically converts functional operations, which are specifically defined to ensure that there is some form of transmission for the representation of geometric properties.

Regulatory Authority for ISO certification

The primary regulatory authority for ISO 18026: 2009 certification is the International Organization of Standardization, an independent and autonomous institution developed according to international standards. To comply with the above certification, member countries or entities which are present in member countries have to follow the standards which are brought about by the ISO 18026: 2009

Previously to the ISO 18026: 2009, the standards which represented the spatial reference model were the ISO 18026: 2006. The standards which are brought out by the ISO 18026: 2009 are brought out by the ISO and the IEC. These standards brought out by the ISO and the IEC do not replace the standards of the ISO/TC 211, ISO/TC 184, the International Astronomical Union (IAU), and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). Both the SRM, as well as the above standards, would be applicable to information processes that utilize the SRM processes.

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