NBFC Asset Liability Management System

What is Included in the Asset Liability Risk Framework?

The asset liability risk framework for NBFCs covers the following key components, as discussed below:

Liquidity Risk Calculation

The asset liability risk framework ensures the assessment of cash flow mismatches for sufficient liquidity to meet short-term obligations.

Currency Risk Management

The asset liability risk framework ensures the evaluation of exposure to foreign currency fluctuations that may impact asset and liquidity values.

Interest Rate Risk

The asset liability risk framework ensures monitoring of interest rate movements to manage their effect on profitability and balance sheet stability.

Credit Risk Management

The asset liability risk framework ensures analysis of borrower creditworthiness to minimize default risks and maintain portfolio quality.

Operational Risk Management

The asset liability risk framework ensures the establishment of internal control systems and audit mechanisms that arise due to internal process failures or external disputes.

Strategic & Reputation Risk

The asset liability risk framework ensures the monitoring of business strategy alignment with ALM objectives.

Market & Reputation Risk

The asset liability risk framework ensures assessment of market risks resulting from adverse price movements in interest rates, equities, or commodities.

Best Practices to Manage NBFC Asset Liability in India

The NBFCs must proactively comply with the following practices, which ensure the management of asset liabilities in India:

Timeline for NBFC Asset Liability Management

The timeline for the implementation of an NBFC asset liability management (ALM) in India is as follows:

Documents Needed for NBFC Asset Liability Management System

The following is the list of documents needed to ensure compliance with the NBFC asset liability management system:

Importance of NBFC Risk Management System

As India’s financial sector continues to grow, NBFC plays an important role in expanding credit access and supporting economic development. To ensure financial stability and regulatory compliance, the RBI emphasizes the implementation of a robust NBFC risk management system.

A well-structured risk management framework helps NBFCs identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks that can impact their operations, liquidity, and profitability. Staying updated with RBI’s latest risk management guidelines is essential to prevent non-compliance, avoid penalties, and build long-term credibility in the financial ecosystem. Have a look at some of the key reasons why an effective NBFC risk management system is essential:

Operational and Credit Risk Mitigation

Strengthened Governance and Decision-Making

Business Continuity and Investor Confidence

Enhanced Regulatory Compliance

Asset Classification and Provisioning Norms for NBFC

As per the latest updates on asset classification and provisional norms for NBFCs, the Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) must classify their assets into the following categories:

Asset Classification for NBFC

• Standard Assets :- Assets with no default.
• Sub-Standard Assets:- Assets that remain NPA for up to 12 months.
• Doubtful Assets :- Assets that remain sub-standard for more than 12 months.
• Loss Assets :- Assets identified as uncollectible or of little value.

Definition of NPA (Non-Performing Asset):

• Loan or advance where interest/principal remains overdue for more than 90 days.
• For NBFC-BL (Base Layer), this was harmonized to 90 days effective March 31, 2026 (transition from 180 days).

Classification must be borrower-wise and not facility-wise (as clarified by RBI).

Provisioning Norms for NBFCs

Additional Compliance Points

• Provisions for standard assets should be shown separately in the balance sheet under “Contingent Provisions against Standard Assets.”
• NBFCs may maintain higher provisions based on internal risk assessment.
• Classification and provisioning to be done borrower-wise, not facility-wise.
• These norms apply uniformly across NBFC layers – Base Layer (BL), Middle Layer (ML), Upper Layer (UL) – with minor variations in thresholds.
• NBFCs must implement system-based asset classification to ensure timely recognition of NPAs.

Penalties for Asset Liability Mismatch NBFC

Any mismatch between assets and liabilities can lead to supervisory concerns, monetary penalties, and restrictions on business operations.

Have a look at some of the reasons as discussed below for asset liability mismatch NBFC:

• Failure to maintain coverage ratios or showing persistent mismatches across maturity buckets.
• Restrict NBFCs’ ability to accept public funds, disburse new loans, or expand operations.
• In cases of extreme negligence or repeated non-compliance.
• Severe violation of RBI regulations for NBFC asset liability management.
• Failure to maintain proper ALM practices can damage the NBFC’s credibility.

Post-NBFC Asset Liability Management System Compliances

Once an NBFC has implemented its asset liability management system, it must ensure compliance with the following post-RBI’s regulatory and supervisory guidelines as discussed below:

• Ensure regular periodic ALM reporting.
• Formation of an asset liability company.
• Periodic review of ALM policy.
• Ensures liquidity risk monitoring.
• Submission of Supervisory Returns.
• Capital Adequacy and Leverage Monitoring.

Why Enterslice for NBFC Asset Liability Management System Implementation?

At Enterslice, we assist NBFCs in implementing a robust NBFC asset liability management system that complies with RBI’s regulatory standards and enhances liquidity risk governance. Have a look at the following reasons why NBFCs across India must choose Enterslice:

FAQs on NBFC Asset Liability Management System