What is NGO Registration?

NGO or Non Governmental Organizations are a non-profit organization that is incorporated to support the underprivileged section of the society. It works for the advancement of different issues like social, cultural, legal, environmental, art, science, etc. As the name Non-Government Organization suggests, they are operated by citizens on voluntary initiatives without any interference from central or state governments.

Need for NGO Registration

You are recommended to get the NGO Registration done if you are willing to establish a non-profit organization and work with an objective towards the betterment or advancement of any particular section of the society. Getting NGO Registration provides legal authority to the entity and makes it more credible in the eyes of the law and contributors.

In India one can go for NGO registration in three legally possible ways;

Trust registration, regulated under The Indian trusts Act, 1882
Society registration supervised under Societies Registration Act, 1860
Section 8 Company registration governed under Companies Act, 2013

As all three NGO models are regulated by separate acts there are many distinct features of every model. One can choose a working model based on their personal requirement and preference, along with scale and diversity of operations. We will discuss this in detail in this article to ensure some clarity for you.

NGO Registration Procedure in India

Here, we have provided a glimpse of the registration procedure for NGO all the available legal entities.

Societies Registration

A society is formed mainly for the promotion of science, arts, commerce. All the activities conducted by society are non-commercial. Therefore activities conducted by society are for non-profit purposes. Societies are regulated under The Societies Registration Act, 1860.

If you are planning for registering an NGO in the form of a Society you are required to follow following simple steps:

STEP 1: Choose an apt name for your NGO
STEP 2: The State Governments concerns with registering NGOs in the form of Society. You need to submit 2 copies all the prescribed documents to the Registrar of the Societies of the State Government
STEP 3: After evaluation of all the documents submitted by you, the Incorporation Certificate along with an NGO Registration Number will be allotted, is the authorities finds everything to be correct
STEP 4: The process of allotment of Incorporation Certificate generally takes about a month to complete

Trusts Registration

Trusts are divided into Private Limited Trusts and Public Limited Trusts:

Private Limited Trusts: Private Limited Trusts are formed for conducting activities for the individuals, family, or close ones. This can include close individuals who form the beneficiaries of private trust. The Trusts Act, 1882, governs private limited trusts.
Public Limited Trusts: Public limited trusts are typically formed where the beneficiaries include the public at large. Usually, public trust will be established for charitable, educational, and religious purposes. In India, the most common public trusts are charitable and religious trusts.

As per Indian trust Act following are the minimum requirement as a Trust in India;

Clarity as to for what purpose it is created
Intention to create a Trust
Clear definition of the beneficiary
Trust property assigned by the assignee

Once all the above-required pre-requisites are met with you can proceed by following these basic steps;

STEP 1: Draft the Trust Deed
STEP 2: Choose an appropriate name for your NGO
STEP 3: Determine the settler, minimum 2 trustees, and a clear definition of who will be the beneficiary.
STEP 4: Prepare the MOA and by-laws and execute a proper trust deed containing all the key provisions and clauses.
STEP 5: The Trust Deed must be executed on stamp paper of sufficient value based on the value of the property assigned to the Trust.
STEP 6: Finally, the Trust Deed must be signed by all the trustees and settlor and registered with the Local Registrar of the area in which the registered office of the NGO is located.

Section 8 Company Registration

Private limited companies can be under section 8 of the companies act. However, these companies cannot carry out businesses to make profits. Companies formed under this have the objectives of promoting education, crafts, science, arts, sustainability development, and environmental activities. These companies are not allowed to declare any form of a dividend. All revenues earned by this company have to be reinvested in the company for development purposes.

If you are planning for registering an NGO in the form of a Section 8 Company, then there are certain additional formalities that are required to be met with. Following steps are involved in the form of a Section 8 Company:

STEP 1: Choose an apt name for your NGO and make sure that it does not resemble any already registered company or Limited Liability Partnership. This proposed named must be filed for reservation through Reserve Unique Name facility available on the MCA portal. Maximum 2 names can be filed through in one go.
STEP 2: Once the name is approved you are required to prepare the MOA and AOA of the organization along with some other required documents like projected Profit and loss statement, statement of assets and liabilities, a brief description of work, etc.
STEP 3: File incorporation application in SPICe Form along with the required document as attachments.
STEP 4: After proper verification of the application Certificate of Incorporation (COI) and License will be issued. This COI will contain the Company Identification Number (CIN) along with the Company’s PAN & TAN number.

Most preferred type of Entity

Before going ahead with the preferable entity to be formed, it is crucial to analyze the differences between the three structures. All the above types of NGOs are formed for not conducting any profit activities. Even if profits are earned, they must be invested in the NGO. Out of the three types, there is more compliance for section 8 company under the Companies Act 2013.

The following compliances have to be carried out by a section 8 company:

Have a board meeting.
Disclosure of any form of interest.
Provide notice that the directors of the company have not been disqualified.
This form of company has to file the resolutions carried out in the board meeting.
Appoint statutory auditors.
Provide a report on the audited financial statements of the company.

In light of all these compliances, it is beneficial to form an NGO as a society or a trust.

Factors Influencing the Choice of Model for NGO Registration

In current world many good Samaritans are realizing the need and value of upliftment of underprivileged and recognition of other important social causes. With an intention to help large section of society is engaging in social causes and plans to set up nonprofit organizations.

In the process of NGO registration, the first crucial decision among many is to choose the type of model among trust, society and Section 8 Company. As we have discussed earlier, there are multiple options available and one is required to narrow down their choice. This choice is influenced by many factors which we will discuss in brief here.

Following factors play a vital role in choosing the legal status for NGO:

What’s your Orientation?

Apart from the fact that NGO is done for charitable purpose one has to clearly define the purpose or vision of the organization. The vision also influenced the choice.
Level of Operation

Another crucial factor will be the operational level of the intended organization. The scale of operation is important point of consideration. Therefore, if the area of operation will be regional, state-level, national etc. must be decided beforehand.
Structure of the organization

Structure of the organization is also being determined before initiating NGO registration. If the contributors are different from the actual management then Section 8 Company is a better option from a society and vice versa.
Compliance Requirements

Before making a final decision regarding NGO it is required that one must consider all the compliance requirements for different types of set up. As in case of Section 8 Company annual compliances under Companies Act, 2013 are a mandatory requirement, Trust and Society do have any such annual compliance requirements.

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Frequently Asked Questions about NGO Registration in India

Q1. After NGO registration am I eligible for government funding?

In general practice you will be eligible for government funding after 3 years of successful NGO registration. However, in certain special cases if the NGO can get project approvals government funding can be acquired after just one year of NGO registration.

Q2. Can a Section 8 company pay dividends to its promoters?

No, promoters are not eligible to receive any kind of dividend out of the earnings as Section 8 company work with charitable objects. If any promoter has incurred any expenses or cost while performing any duly on behalf of the NGO then only such amount can be reimbursed to the promoters by the organization.

Q3. What is the minimum member requirement for NGO registration?

Following are the minimum no of member required for NGO registration;

1. For Trust, minimum 3 members are required. One Assignee and minimum two trustees.

2. For Society, minimum 7 members are required. However, if the society is registered on national level than 8 members are required from different states.

3. For Section 8 Company, minimum 2 members are required.

Q4. After NGO registration can it accept foreign grants?

In order to accept any king of foreign grants the NGO is required to acquire FCRA registration under Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010.

Q5. Can a newly registered NGO apply for FCRA registration?

In general practice FCRA registration can be applied only after expiry of 3 years from the date of NGO registration. However, after successful NGO registration the entity can apply for 'prior approval' under FCRA regulation for accepting foreign remittance. In order to apply for prior approval following conditions must be satisfied;

1. The foreign grant will be remitted by a specific contributor.

2. Such grant will be utilized for a specific project.

3. NGO must be in possession of a approval letter issued by such contributor.

Q6. What are the factors to consider while selecting a name for NGO registration?

The most important point of consideration before initiating the NGO registration procedure is finalizing a name for the proposed NGO. Following factors must e considered in the process;

1. The proposed name must not violate any of the provisions of The Names and Emblems (Prevention of Improper Use) Act 1950.

2. The proposed and must not be obscene or shall not indicate any kind of mis-regard to any section of society or group of people.

3. The name for the proposed NG registration must not indicate any kind of affiliation to any government body.

4. Name must not be similar to any already registered entity in that particular category.

Q7. Who can become a member at the time of NGO registration?

Following person can become a member at the time of NGI registration;

1. Any resident individual.

2. Any foreigner can also subscribe to the incorporation document.

3. Any registered partnership Firm or limited Liability Partnership.

4. Company registered under Companies act, 2013.

5. Any registered society.

Q8. Is there any tax exemptions granted after NGO registration?

Yes. after NGO registration is completed you are recommended to apply for 80G and 12A registration under Income Tax Act, 1961. These registrations ensure dual tax exemptions, to the NGO as well as to its donors.

Q9. Why should I choose Enterslice?

At Enterslice, we have group of expert professionals like Chartered Accountants, Company Secretaries, lawyers and other industry experts who are dedicated towards a common goal i.e. customer satisfaction. We provide consultation is choosing the best business model for your non-profit organization. Along with that we ensure smooth and hassle free NGO registration services.