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Transaction in government securities refers to any buying or selling of government-issued securities. Government securities, usually referred to as government bonds or sovereign bonds, are financial instruments issued by a government to raise money for a variety of uses, including financing public projects or balancing the budget. As part of their investment and portfolio management activities, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) are permitted to conduct transactions with government securities. Let us discuss the transactions in government securities by NBFCs.
A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a business registered under the Companies Act of 1956 engaged in the business of making loans and advances, acquisition of debentures/shares/bonds/stock/securities issued by the Government or local authority or others. Marketable securities of similar nature, hire-purchase, leasing, insurance business and chit business. It does not include establishments whose main business is industrial activity, agricultural activity, buying or selling. A non-banking financial company (Residuary Non-banking Company) is an organization whose primary activity is the receipt of deposits under any scheme or arrangement, whether in a single payment, as instalments through contributions, or in any other method.
A tradeable instrument known as a Government Security (G-Sec) is one that the Central Government or State Governments have issued. It accepts the Government’s debt obligation. These securities can be long-term (often referred to as government bonds or dated securities with original maturities of one year or more) or short-term (typically referred to as treasury bills with original maturities of less than one year). In India, the State Government exclusively issue bonds or dated securities, known as State Development Loans (SDLs), while the Central Government issues both Treasury Bills and Bonds or Dated Securities. G-Secs are referred to as risk-free, gilt-edged instruments since they have almost no default risk.
According to the Non-Banking Financial Company–Non-Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016, each applicable NBFC shall, as the Bank may permit, engage in transactions in Government securities through its gilt account, its demat account, or any other account.
Gilt Account: With the exception, a Gilt account is similar to a bank account. It is that government securities, such as Treasury Bonds, are credited or debited to the account rather than actual money. It serves as a savings account for government securities. Government security, or G-Sec, is an exchangeable document that the federal, state, or local governments provide to verify debt repayment. Due to the nearly minimal default risk they carry, G-Secs are sometimes known as risk-free securities.
The institutions that the RBI has approved as holders of Gilt accounts include NBFCs, pension funds, mutual funds, provident funds, cooperative banks, trusts, insurance companies, regional rural banks, corporates, and non-NDS members.
Demat Account: A Demat account, also known as a dematerialized account, allows for the electronic storage of shares and other securities. Shares are purchased and maintained in a Demat Account during online trading, making it simple for consumers to transact. All of a person’s investments in bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, shares, and government securities are kept together in a demat account.
Through a variety of transactions, Non-Banking Financial Companies can take part in the market for government securities. Here are a few typical interactions between Non-Banking Financial Companies and government securities.
Transactions involving government securities help financial markets operate effectively, enable the Government to raise funds and allow Non-Banking Financial Companies to invest in secure assets that will generate income. It is crucial that Non-Banking Financial Companies dealing with government securities follow the rules and regulations established by the appropriate regulatory bodies, RBI and SEBI. These rules ensure transparency, fair practices, and the stability of the financial system.
The RBI sells government securities during open market operations to decrease the amount of money in the market.
Any institution that conducts its primary business in the fields of agriculture, industry, the acquisition or sale of any goods (aside from securities), the provision of any services, or the sale, purchase, or construction of immovable property is not allowed for an NBFC.
In India, the State Government exclusively issues bonds or dated securities, known as State Development Loans (SDLs), while the Central Government issues both Treasury Bills and Bonds or Dated Securities. G-Secs are referred to as risk-free gilt-edged products since they have almost no default risk.
An NBFC firm may purchase shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, and other securities from the federal Government, municipal governments, or other issuers of marketable securities. It might work in the hire-purchase, leasing, insurance, or chit-fund industries.
Demand deposits are not accepted by NBFCs, which therefore cannot issue checks drawn on themselves or participate in the payment and settlement system. Unlike banks, NBFCs do not offer deposit insurance through the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation to their customers.
Treasury Bills, Cash Management Bills (CMBs), Dated Government Securities, State Development Loans, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), Zero-Coupon Bonds, Capital Indexed Bonds, and Floating Rate Bonds are just a few of the G-secs that are offered by the RBI in India.
The dated securities are issued by the RBI on behalf of the Indian Government. Additionally, the RBI is in charge of paying the principal amount upon maturity as well as the coupon amount on a half-yearly basis.
The four tiers or layers of NBFC are:a. NBFC-Base tier (NBFC-BL) will be the name given to NBFCs in the lowest tier. b. Middle-layer NBFCs will be referred to as NBFC-ML (Middle-layer NBFCs).c. A new regulatory superstructure will be welcomed by an NBFC in the Upper Layer, designated as an NBFC-Upper Layer (NBFC-UL). d. Additionally, there is a Top Layer, which should ideally be empty.
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