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The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the draft securitization framework for Securitization of Standard Assets and asked for the public opinion on it. The guidelines were released after much deliberation with a view to meet the recommendations of the Committee on Development of Housing Finance Securitization Market in India and the Task Force on the Development of Secondary Market for Corporate Loans.
Table of Contents
The primary purpose of the proposed revision is to lay down the criteria in order to bring securitization in line with Basel III requirements and to deepen the secondary loan trading market. The amendments to some of the securitization guidelines were overdue with regard to revisions introduced under Basel III.
As per the Draft Securitization Framework, securitization’s definition is-
“The set of transactions or scheme where credit risk with eligible exposures is tranched and where the payments in the set of transactions or scheme depend on the performance of the underlying exposures and the subordination of tranches determines the distribution of losses during the life of transactions or scheme; provided that the pool has one or more exposures eligible to be securitized.”
The proposed securitization framework allows for the securitization of single assets. It was not permitted under the guidelines issued by the RBI in 2012. Single asset loans can also be credit tranched. This means that the longer tenor loans may be securitized either wholly or partially. Single loans can be securitized which are in the books of banks or NBFCs, and such credit tranched securities may be issued to eligible investors.
The Reserve Bank of India has also allowed the securitization of bullet payment loans provided that the interest or principal is paid in instalments.
The draft Securitization framework has also proposed for a Simple, Transparent and Compatible (STC) securitizations. Exposures to securitizations that are Simple, Transparent and Compatible, can be subject to alternative capital treatment. It also permits a lower risk weight for traditional securitizations transactions that meet the framework of STC.
Replenishment means the process of using cash flows from securitized assets with a view to acquiring more eligible assets which shall continue for a pre-announced replenishment period after which the structure shall regress to amortization one.
RBI has allowed the replenishment structures where the period of replenishment must be identified upfront, and after the end of that period, the structure shall regress to amortization one.
Introduction of replenishment structures shall help shorter tenor loan deals and bring better returns to investors.
Residential mortgage-backed securities mean the securities issued by the special purpose entity against the underlying exposures which are residential mortgages. The RBI has proposed certain relaxations for residential mortgage-backed securities on the basis of the recommendations from the Committee on Development of Housing Finance Securitization Market in India.
As per the draft, the minimum holding period for Residential mortgage-backed securities will be six months or six instalments, whichever is later. The MRR has been limited to 5% of the book value of the loans that are securitized. In case where the value of the exposures is more than 500 crore rupees, it is proposed that the issued securities must be listed mandatorily.
Although the new draft allows the securitization of assets purchased from other securities; resecuritisation exposures, synthetic securitization and securitization with revolving credit facilities as underlying remains to be prohibited. The rating of some of the pools will increase due to the existing portfolios being pooled with the purchased loans. The draft securitization framework continues to exempt the transactions involving the revolving credit facilities, loans with bullet payments of principal and interest and securitization exposures.
The new draft provides for conditions that must be met by the lenders for maintenance of capital. It will be immediately applicable to the existing securitization exposures. It includes the following:
As per the Basel III guidelines, two capital measurement approaches are proposed, namely–
a) Securitization External Ratings Based Approach (SEC-ERBA) and b) Securitization Standardised Approach (SEC-SA).
The Draft Securitization Framework provides that banks may adopt any of the approaches mentioned above, whereas NBFCs shall only apply SEC-ERBA for calculating risk-weighted assets.
Ashish M. Shaji has done his graduation in law (BA. LLB) from CCS University. He has keen interests in doing extensive research and writing on legal subjects especially on corporate law. He is a creative thinker and has a great interest in exploring legal subjects.
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